Take the venerable doctrine of transferred intent in battery.54 Suppose that a defendant shoots at one person in an attempt to murder him. He thereby kills a different person who is unforeseeably on the scene. If this unforeseeable plaintiff’s estate brings suit, the defendant will be held liable to the plaintiff by means of the fiction that the defendant “intended” to harm her — although, in truth, the defendant did not intend harm to this plaintiff, or otherwise behave wrongfully toward her, any more than the train operator behaved wrongfully toward the unforeseeable Mrs. Palsgraf.55 For this reason, as Cardozo himself obliquely recognized in Palsgraf (but quickly brushed aside), transferred intent doctrine cannot be reconciled with the Palsgraf principle,56 which insists relational wrongdoing is the moral gravamen and sine qua non of tort liability.57
积极回应群众司法诉求。民法典施行五年来，审结物权纠纷、人格权纠纷、侵权责任纠纷案件分别为175.2万件、96万件、556.6万件，年均分别增长0.7%、5.1%、7.1%。营造友好婚育环境。持续推动治理高额彩礼。严惩以婚嫁为名实施诈骗。严惩家庭暴力犯罪。助力生育支持政策落地。营造安心养老环境。严惩坑老诈骗犯罪。依法审理涉老年人赡养、养老服务、遗产管理等案件，引导尊老助老。营造放心消费环境。依法保障消费者知情权、选择权、公平交易权。持续规制“知假买假”。整治“卷款跑路”、“霸王条款”等突出问题。打击消费补贴诈骗犯罪。营造和谐医疗环境。审结医保骗保犯罪案件1433件2807人，同比增长24%，追赃挽损5亿余元。妥善化解医患纠纷，判决未尽告知说明义务致患者损害构成侵权；善尽诊疗义务、符合诊疗规范的行为依法免责。营造崇法尚德社会环境。判决物业为维护公共利益和消防安全、督促无果后清理楼道杂物不构成侵权；拉架一般过失致人受伤不担责；乘车强行落座、挤压并辱骂他人构成人格权侵害，保护善举、惩戒恶行。
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Жители Санкт-Петербурга устроили «крысогон»17:52
Александра Синицына (Ночной линейный редактор)